Factors affecting polyhydroxybutyrate biosynthesis in the marine photosynthetic bacteriumRhodopseudomonas sp. strain W-1S

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - A marine photosynthetic bacterium,Rhodopseudomonas sp. strain W-1S, accumulated polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) to 56% of the dry cell weight under microaerobic...     

Painlevé analysis,conservation laws,and symmetry of perturbed nonlinear equations

We consider the Lie-Backlund symmetries and conservation laws of a perturbed KdV equation and NLS equation. The arbitrary coefficients of the perturbing terms can be related to the condition of existence of nontrivial LB symmetry generator. When the perturbed KdV equation is subjected to Painlevé analysisa la Weiss, it is found that the resonance position changes compared to the unperturbed one. We prove the compatibility of the overdetermined set of equations obtained at the different stages of recursion relations, at least for one branch. All other branches are also indicated and difficulties associated them are discussed considering the perturbation parameter to be small. We determine the Lax pair for the aforesaid branch through the use of Schwarzian derivative. For the perturbed NLS equation we determine the conservation laws following the approach of Chen and Liu. From the recurrence of these conservation laws a Lax pair is constructed. But the Painlevé analysis does not produce a positive answer for the perturbed NLS equation. So here we have two contrasting examples of perturbed nonlinear equations: one passes the Painlevé test and its Lax pair can be found from the analysis itself, but the other equation does not meet the criterion of the Painlevé test, though its Lax pair is found in another way.     

Aspects of thermal conductivity relative to heat flow

Summary The various techniques and methodologies of thermal conductivity measurement have been conventionally based on the determination of the rate of directional heat flow through a material having a unit temperature differential between its opposing faces. The constancy of this rate depends on the material density, its thermal resistance and the heat flow path itself. The last of these variables contributes most significantly to the true value of steady-state axial and radial heat dissipation depending on the magnitude of transient thermal diffusivity along these directions. The purpose of this paper is to exemplify the above features by defined parameters of heat flow measurement by existing methodologies. No new method is proposed here. Importantly, the relationship between the rate of heat transfer, total heat transferred and thermal conductivity at a given temperature under steady-state conditions for a fixed heat flow path will be illustrated.     

An average fock operator technique of approximate open-shell LCAO-MO-SCF calculation

The exchange part of the usual Hartree-Fock potential in the unrestricted Hartree-Fock (UHF) theory is suitablyaveraged to construct an, average one-electron model Hamiltonian which generates a set of spin-restricted one-electron orbitals in a self-consistent manner. These orbitals are then used to calculate the electronic energy of the open-shell system by using the proper functional form for the energy which handles the exchange terms correctly. The eigenvalues ofF ^av can be used for calculating either the spin-polarised or spin-averaged ionisation potentials of different orbitals at theKoopmans’ theorem level of approximation. Comparison ofE ^ac with the UHF-energy shows thatE _UHF<E ^ac in each case revealing some kind of an upper bound nature ofE ^ac. An approximate variational argument is given. Relationship of our model with the hyper-Hartree-Fock theory of slater is explored and the general problem of eliminating ‘self-interaction’ terms in average Fock-operator based theories is discussed.     

Highly efficient recycling of a "sandwich" type polyoxometalate oxidation catalyst using solvent resistant nanofiltration

A "sandwich" type polyoxometalate catalyst ([MeN(n-C8H17)3]12[WZn3(ZnW9O34)2]) was very efficiently recycled by nanofiltration with almost quantitative retention, using an alpha-alumina supported mesoporous gamma-alumina membrane.     

Synthesis and properties of a new member of the calixnaphthalene family: a C(2)-symmetrical endo-calix[4]naphthalene

The synthesis of a new endo-calix[4]naphthalene is described. The reaction sequence involves the cyclocondensation of a key bisnaphthylmethane intermediate (8) with formaldehyde. This key intermediate (8) is formed using a modified Suzuki-Miyaura Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between bromomethylnaphthyl (6) and naphthylboronic acid (7), both of which can be derived from 2-hydroxynaphthoic acid.     

Toward the molecular flashlight: preparation,properties, and photophysics of a hypericin-luciferin tethered molecule

The synthesis of a molecule containing hypericin and luciferin moieties joined by a tether is reported. The light-induced (in vitro) antiviral activity as well as the photophysical properties of this new compound are measured and compared with those of the parent compounds, hypericin and pseudohypericin. This tethered molecule exhibits excited-state behavior that is very similar to that of its parent compounds and antiviral activity that is identical, within experimental error, to that of its more closely related parent compound, pseudohypericin. The implications for a photodynamic therapy that is independent of external light sources are discussed.     

Free energy of mixing of cross-linked polymer blends

Free energy of mixing of cross-linked polymer blends is derived, as a modification to the Flory-Huggins-de Gennes free energy functional for linear polymer blends. The latter arrives from the assumption of mean-field, short-range thermal interactions among ideal Gaussian chains. However, upon cross-linking a linear chain, the chain no longer remains Gaussian; new chain architectures belying the threadlike image of linear chains emerge. Fractal dimensions of these nonlinear chain clusters convene and command new entropic interactions. Topological constraints by cross-links introduce long-range nonequilibrium elastic forces. Relatively shorter range steric repulsions between fractal network surfaces may arrive if cross-linking is carried out inside the blend's thermodynamically unstable region. Modified free energy has been used to highlight experiments on phase instability of cross-linked polymer blends.     

Radiationless transitions in trivalent lanthanide ions embedded in solids

Radiationless transitions in lanthanide ions embedded in glassy and crystalline hosts have been briefly reviewed. The correlations of multiphonon relaxation rates with energy gaps, vibrational frequencies, temperatures and electronic symmetries have been discussed. The essence of various theories, such as Nth order methods, non-adiabatic Hamiltonian method, dynamic coupling model has also been presented.